What does special sports ability include?

The current general consensus in the sports industry is that the core of special sports ability covers the four dimensions of special physical fitness, special technology, special tactics, and special mental abilities. However, many practitioners in the field of front-line training also advocate that special cognitive and rule application abilities should also be included in the scope. So far, there is no completely unified classification standard.

It may be a bit empty to say it. Take the 100-meter dash, which is the most familiar example to everyone, and you will understand. Many people think that running fast means having strong legs. In fact, that is not the case at all. The bench press and deadlift you usually practice in the gym are all general strength. What is really useful on the 100-meter track is the explosive power of the ankle, hip and knee linkage at the start, the ability to supply phosphate energy and resist fatigue during the run, and the core stability of the late sprint. These are specialized Physical ability - The team previously recruited a good powerlifting prospect. He can bench press 140 kilograms, which is 30 kilograms more than the first-level sprinter in our team. But he can't even break 12 seconds in the 100-meter run. It's just that general strength cannot be converted into specific physical fitness, so it's useless.

If you have enough physical fitness, you must also have the corresponding special skills to support it. Let’s talk about the 100 meters. The difference in pedaling angle at the start is 5 degrees, and the initial speed is 0.1 seconds different. In the finals, this is the difference between the champion and the runner-up. Su Bingtian changed the starting foot to his left foot, adjusted the force mode of ground grabbing, and directly broke through the 10-second ceiling of 100 meters for yellow people. The essence is to hone his special skills to the extreme.

Don’t think that only ball team events focus on tactics. Special tactics for individual events also determine success or failure. For example, in the 100-meter preliminaries, do you need to use your strength to control the rhythm? When do high jumpers choose to skip jumps to save their energy? Not to mention sports such as football and basketball. The horn tactics and high-position press are specially designed for the sports. The little experience you accumulate in playing wild football is simply difficult to use in the official competition, because there is no systematic training in special tactics.

Finally, the most easily overlooked thing is the special mind. To put it bluntly, it means "whether you can handle things on the field." There are too many examples of shooters who scored 10 rounds in training and missed the target in the final shot of the Olympic finals. When table tennis hits the seventh game point, can you calm down and catch the opponent's serve? These abilities that cannot be measured by strength are precisely the parts that widen the gap in special abilities.

However, many coaches now have different opinions. Especially after emerging intellectual sports such as e-sports and chess and card games were admitted to the Olympics and Asia, the controversy has become even greater - e-sports players' fingertip reaction speed, the visual fatigue resistance of staring at the screen for several hours, chess and card players' notation ability, logical deduction ability, are these considered special physical fitness or special cognitive ability? There is still discussion in the industry and there is no final conclusion. I have been coaching youth basketball for almost 7 years. I never rigidly apply these categories when evaluating children's ability. I just drag them to play four full quarters of official games. If they can use all the things they usually practice smoothly and don't show mercy at critical moments, their special abilities will definitely be the same. To put it bluntly, this thing is a "project-specific stepping stone". No matter how easy it is to use in other projects, if it doesn't work in your special project, it won't count.