What's wrong with uterine enlargement in adenomyosis?

Uterine enlargement in adenomyosis may be caused by endometriosis, abnormal estrogen levels, inflammatory stimulation, genetic factors, multiple pregnancies, etc., and can be intervened through drug treatment, surgical treatment, etc. Adenomyosis is a diffuse or localized disease caused by the invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium.

1. Endometriosis

Abnormal growth of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, resulting in thickening of the myometrium and enlargement of the uterus. It may be related to factors such as reflux of menstrual blood and immune abnormalities, and often manifests as progressive dysmenorrhea and increased menstrual flow. You can use ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, dienogest tablets, levonorgestrel intrauterine sustained-release system, etc. as directed by your doctor to relieve symptoms.

2. Abnormal estrogen levels

Continued stimulation by estrogen may promote infiltration of the endometrium into the myometrium. Long-term anovulation, obesity and other factors may induce estrogen dominance, accompanied by menstrual cycle disorders and infertility. Doctors may recommend using drugs such as leuprolide acetate microspheres and mifepristone tablets to regulate hormone levels.

3. Inflammation stimulation

Chronic endometritis may destroy the boundary between the endometrium and myometrium and promote the development of adenomyosis. Infection is common after uterine cavity operations and manifests as lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. You can cooperate with your doctor to use anti-infective treatments such as cefixime dispersible tablets and metronidazole vaginal gel.

4. Genetic factors

Immediate relatives with the disease have a higher probability of developing the disease, which may be related to abnormal tissue repair caused by genetic mutations. Such patients may have an earlier age of onset and more severe symptoms. Regular ultrasound examinations are required to monitor the progression of the disease, and interventional treatments such as uterine artery embolization are performed when necessary.

5. Multiple pregnancies

Trauma to the uterus from childbirth or miscarriage may allow endometrial tissue to become embedded in the myometrium. People who have had multiple uterine operations are more likely to experience symptoms such as uniform enlargement of the uterus and pain during sexual intercourse. When conservative treatment fails, laparoscopic lesion resection can be considered to preserve fertility.

Patients with adenomyosis should avoid strenuous exercise, which can aggravate pelvic congestion, and can use hot water bottles to relieve pain during menstruation. Maintain a low-fat diet and limit the intake of phytoestrogens such as soy products. Repeat ultrasound every 3-6 months to observe changes in the uterus. If severe anemia occurs or drug treatment is ineffective, the indications for surgery need to be evaluated promptly. Daily attention should be paid to recording changes in menstrual cycles and pain levels to provide a basis for doctors to adjust treatment plans.