What causes white spots on the penis?

Small white spots on the penis may be caused by pearly penile papules, ectopic sebaceous glands, fungal infection, folliculitis or genital warts. The details need to be combined with the form, accompanying symptoms and the doctor’s diagnosis and judgment.

1. Pearly papules:

Small pearl-like white particles, 1-3 mm in diameter, are commonly found on the edge of the coronal sulcus and are neatly arranged. It is a benign physiological variation, related to excessive foreskin or poor local hygiene, and usually does not require treatment. If it affects the appearance, laser or cryoremoval can be considered, but other diseases need to be ruled out.

2. Ectopic sebaceous glands:

It manifests as light yellow or white flat papules from the tip of a needle to the size of a millet, most commonly found on the inside of the foreskin or the frenulum. It is caused by abnormal development of sebaceous glands. It is not contagious and generally does not become malignant. Just keep the area clean and dry to avoid excessive friction and irritation.

3. Fungal infection:

Candida albicans infection may cause white film or dot-like white spots on the penis, accompanied by itching, redness and swelling. It is common in people with low immunity, diabetes or long-term use of antibiotics. Topical antifungal ointment such as clotrimazole is required, and the partner is treated at the same time to avoid cross-infection.

4. Hair follicle inflammation:

When the hair follicles are blocked and secondary bacterial infection occurs, white pustule-like papules can form, which are painful when pressed. It is often caused by shaving damage, excessive sweating, or poor hygiene. Mild cases may resolve on their own, but severe cases require topical antibiotic ointment such as mupirocin.

5. Genital warts:

Cauliflower-like excrescences caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may appear as small white dots in the early stage and enlarge and merge in the later stage. It is contagious and requires cryotherapy, electrocautery or photodynamic treatment, and your spouse should be checked simultaneously.

In daily life, you need to choose cotton breathable underwear to avoid sitting in a humid environment for a long time. Use warm water rather than harsh lotions when cleaning, and cleanse well before and after sex. If the white spots continue to enlarge, ulcerate, or are accompanied by abnormal secretions, you should promptly go to a dermatology or urology department, and if necessary, conduct an acetic acid whitening test or pathological examination to clarify the nature. Regular work and rest and a balanced diet can help enhance immunity and reduce the risk of infection.