What aspects of knowledge do basic first aid skills have?

The basic first aid knowledge used every day essentially revolves around the three core logics of "saving lives first, then reducing damage, and preventing secondary injuries." You don't need to be proficient in everything like an emergency doctor. Having a thorough understanding of the most core scenarios is enough to deal with most emergencies.

I have been doing community first aid science popularization for 4 years, and I have come across too many counter-examples of blind operations. Last month, a young man fell and dislocated his arm while grabbing a ball on the community basketball court. The onlookers came up and tried to force his arm back to its original position. Fortunately, I stopped him quickly, otherwise the soft tissue contusion would have been minor. If the nerves were damaged, surgery would have been necessary. The most important thing is definitely the judgment and treatment related to heartbeat and breathing. You must first be able to feel the carotid artery pulse and watch the rise and fall of the chest. If there is no response after calling for a long time, there is no movement when patting the shoulder, and the chest does not move up and down. Don't pinch the person's middle to feed sugar water, that will delay things. Just kneel down and do chest compressions. If there is an AED around, call someone to get it. Just follow the voice prompts to operate this thing. Don't be afraid that you are not qualified and dare not touch it. Oh, yes, some people have argued before about whether non-professionals can do CPR, for fear of breaking the ribs and taking responsibility. Now the industry has long agreed that as long as it is determined to be a cardiac arrest, even if you can only do chest compressions and do not perform artificial respiration, the survival rate is more than three times higher than doing nothing. Ribs can be reattached after the golden 4 minutes, and everything is in vain.

On the premise of saving your life, and then dealing with common injuries, the key is not to blindly use folk remedies. Last year, I was contacted by 120 dispatch and went to the community to rescue a 3-year-old child who was stuck in a peanut. When he arrived, the child's face turned green. Fortunately, the mother who ran the store downstairs knew the Heimlich maneuver. She lifted the child up and patted it seven or eight times before coughing out the broken peanuts. If it had been two minutes later, he would have suffocated. There is also a need to pay attention to the treatment of bleeding. Last time, a worker cut his hand and the blood oozed out. He found a rope and tied the wrist tightly. When he came, his hand was cold. In fact, the venous bleeding stopped by pressing it with clean gauze for three to five minutes. Only the arterial bleeding that spurted out required a tourniquet. You must remember the time of the tourniquet and loosen it for 2 minutes every 40 minutes. Otherwise, the limb will have to be amputated due to ischemia and necrosis. The same applies to burns and scalds. Don't apply soy sauce, toothpaste or miso. Run cold water for at least 15 minutes immediately. It's more effective than any other home remedy. Last year, a child knocked over the hot water kettle, so my grandma applied half a bottle of soy sauce. In the end, the wound was infected and left a scar, and she couldn't even cry.

What many people tend to overlook is the boundary of not doing anything randomly, that is, the knowledge to avoid secondary harm. This is sometimes more important than your initial handling. For example, if you encounter an injured person who fell in a car accident, don't go up and grab the person's arm. If he has a fracture of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae, and you directly injure the spinal cord if you pull him, he will be paraplegic for the rest of his life. You should call 120 first, put up warning signs around the person to prevent the car from running over the person, and put a clean cloth on the bleeding area, and wait for professionals to come and move it. Don't crowd around someone who has fainted. First, open up some space to allow air to circulate. Feel for pulse and check breathing. If there is no major problem, turn the person sideways into a resuscitation position to avoid choking vomit in the trachea. No need to wander around and yell.

There are two very representative opinions. One is that ordinary people need to systematically learn a complete set of first aid knowledge before they dare to start it. The other is that it is enough to learn CPR, Heimlich, and hemostasis. I have been training for so long, but I feel that you don’t need to be too entangled. Even if you are familiar with CPR and know what situations you encounter, you can’t act blindly.