Common complications of ovarian tumors

Common complications of ovarian tumors include pedicle torsion, rupture, infection, malignant transformation and ascites. Ovarian tumor is one of the common tumors in the female reproductive system. The occurrence of complications is related to the nature, size, location and other factors of the tumor.

1. Pedicle torsion

Ovarian tumor pedicle torsion is one of the common acute abdomen diseases, and it mostly occurs in tumors of medium size and good mobility. The tumor pedicle is composed of the pelvic infundibular ligament, the proper ovarian ligament and the fallopian tube. When the body position changes suddenly or the position of the uterus changes during pregnancy, it is prone to torsion. Patients present with sudden severe lower abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and in severe cases, shock. Once pedicle torsion is diagnosed, immediate surgical treatment is required. Common surgical procedures include ovarian cyst removal and affected side adnexectomy.

2. rupture

Ovarian tumor rupture can be divided into spontaneous rupture and traumatic rupture. Spontaneous rupture is more common when internal pressure increases in malignant tumors or cysts, while traumatic rupture is caused by abdominal impact, sexual intercourse, or gynecological examination. After rupture, the cyst fluid flows into the abdominal cavity, which can cause severe abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and in severe cases, shock. Treatment requires conservative treatment or surgical treatment based on the patient's age, fertility requirements and tumor properties. Surgical methods include ovarian cyst removal or affected side appendectomy.

3. Infection

Ovarian tumor infection is often secondary to pedicle torsion or rupture, and can also be caused by the spread of inflammation in adjacent organs. Patients present with symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, and increased vaginal discharge. Treatment requires antibiotic treatment or surgical treatment according to the condition. Commonly used antibiotics include ceftriaxone sodium injection, metronidazole sodium chloride injection, etc. After the infection is controlled, elective surgery is required to remove the tumor.

4. Malignant transformation

Benign ovarian tumors may become malignant, especially in postmenopausal women. When the tumor grows rapidly in a short period of time, ascites appears, or CA125 increases significantly, you need to be alert to malignant transformation. The diagnosis depends on pathological examination, and the main treatment is surgery, supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy according to the stage. Common chemotherapy drugs include paclitaxel injection, carboplatin injection, etc.

5. Ascites

Ovarian tumors combined with ascites are more common in malignant tumors, but can also occur in benign tumors such as ovarian fibroids. Large amounts of ascites can cause symptoms such as abdominal distension and difficulty breathing. The treatment needs to be targeted at the primary tumor. For ascites caused by malignant tumors, peritoneal puncture and drainage of fluid and infusion of chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin injection can be considered. Ascites caused by benign tumors can resolve spontaneously after tumor resection.

Patients with ovarian tumors should undergo regular gynecological examinations and ultrasound monitoring, and seek medical treatment promptly if they find that the tumor is growing rapidly or symptoms such as abdominal pain occur. Pay attention to a balanced diet, properly supplement high-quality protein and vitamins, and avoid spicy and irritating foods. Maintain a regular schedule and avoid strenuous exercise and heavy physical labor to prevent tumor rotation or rupture. After surgery, patients need to follow the doctor's instructions for regular check-ups to monitor tumor recurrence.