What may be the cause of hardness at the lower end of the testicles?

Hardness at the lower end of the testicle may be related to factors such as epididymitis, testicular hydrocele, testicular tumor, varicocele or trauma. It is recommended to seek medical examination promptly and follow the doctor's instructions for treatment after a clear diagnosis.

1. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is a common cause of hardness at the lower end of the testicles and is mostly caused by bacterial infection. Patients may experience symptoms such as scrotal pain, swelling, and fever. Treatment requires the use of antibiotics such as levofloxacin tablets, cefixime dispersible tablets, etc. as directed by the doctor, along with scrotal elevation and local cold compress to relieve symptoms.

2. Testicular hydrocele

Testicular hydrocele causes fluid to accumulate in the scrotum, which can feel like a lump when touched. It may be related to infection, trauma or congenital factors. Mild effusion may be absorbed by itself, but in severe cases, surgical treatment such as sheath reversal surgery may be required.

3. Testicular tumors

Testicular tumors often present as painless induration in the early stages, with a hard texture and rapid growth. This may be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness or dull pain in the testicles. The diagnosis requires ultrasound examination and tumor marker detection. Treatment is mainly surgical resection, combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy when necessary.

4. Varicocele

Varicocele will cause the venous plexus in the scrotum to expand tortuously, and in severe cases, a mass-like hardness may be palpable. Common symptoms include a feeling of swelling in the scrotum, which worsens after standing for a long time. Mild cases can be improved by scrotal support, while severe cases require high spermatic vein ligation.

5. Trauma

After the testicular area is impacted or squeezed, local hardness may occur due to tissue edema and hematoma formation. In the acute stage, immediate cold compress and bed rest are required. If persistent swelling or severe pain occurs, the possibility of testicular rupture must be ruled out and surgical repair must be performed in time.

Daily care should be taken to keep the perineum clean and dry, and avoid strenuous exercise or long-term riding. Wear loose, breathable underwear and perform regular self-examinations for changes in testicular morphology. If you find that the induration persists, increases, or is accompanied by symptoms such as pain and fever, you must seek medical attention immediately from a urology department. Consuming more fresh vegetables and fruits in your diet, limiting spicy foods, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption will help your reproductive system health.