What is abnormal uterine bleeding

Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to abnormalities in the menstrual cycle, menstrual period or menstrual flow in non-pregnant women, which may be caused by endocrine disorders, uterine lesions or systemic diseases. Common types include menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation, irregular bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, etc.

1. Endocrine disorders

Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis may lead to anovulatory bleeding, manifested by irregular menstrual cycles or abnormal menstrual flow. Diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid dysfunction are often accompanied by such symptoms. For treatment, progesterone drugs such as progesterone capsules and dydrogesterone tablets can be used to regulate the cycle as directed by the doctor, or combined with short-acting contraceptives such as ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone tablets to control bleeding.

2. Uterine fibroids

Submucosal fibroids or intramural fibroids may cause increased menstrual flow, prolonged menstrual periods, and in severe cases, anemia. Accompanying symptoms include a feeling of distension in the lower abdomen and frequent urination. After diagnosis, you can choose mifepristone tablets to shrink fibroids, or undergo interventional treatments such as uterine myomectomy and uterine artery embolization according to the condition.

3. Endometrial polyps

Local excessive hyperplasia of the endometrium forms polyps, which often manifest as intermenstrual spotting or postmenstrual bleeding. Hysteroscopy can confirm the diagnosis, and hysteroscopic polypectomy is used for treatment. After surgery, levonorgestrel sustained-release intrauterine system can be used for a short period of time to prevent recurrence.

4. Coagulation dysfunction

Blood system diseases such as thrombocytopenia and hemophilia may cause menstrual blood to fail to clot effectively, leading to heavy bleeding. It is necessary to complete the coagulation function test and treat the primary disease. Tranexamic acid tablets can be used to stop bleeding during the acute bleeding period. Those with severe anemia need to supplement iron supplements such as ferrous succinate tablets.

5. Endometrial cancer

Postmenopausal bleeding or abnormal perimenopausal bleeding requires vigilance for malignant lesions, and accompanying symptoms include vaginal discharge, weight loss, etc. Diagnostic dilation and curettage can clarify the pathological type. In the early stage, total hysterectomy is feasible. In the late stage, comprehensive treatment with chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel injection is required.

It is recommended to record changes in bleeding patterns, avoid strenuous exercise and spicy foods, and ensure iron and high-quality protein intake. During bleeding, pay attention to cleaning the perineum and use breathable hygiene products. If bleeding lasts for more than 7 days, a single menstrual flow soaks through more than 1 sanitary napkin per hour, or anemia symptoms such as dizziness and fatigue occur, you should seek medical attention immediately. Women over the age of 40 are recommended to undergo annual gynecological ultrasound and cervical cancer screening.