At what age does a man become infertile?

Male azoospermia can occur at any age, but is most common in men in their reproductive years between 25 and 40 years old. Azoospermia may be related to congenital developmental abnormalities, reproductive system infections, endocrine disorders, vas deferens obstruction, chromosomal abnormalities and other factors. It needs to be diagnosed through semen analysis, hormone testing, imaging examinations and other means.

Congenital factors such as Klinefelter syndrome, cryptorchidism, etc. may appear after puberty, manifesting as testicular dysplasia or lack of secondary sex characteristics. Reproductive system infections such as epididymitis and prostatitis may lead to scarring obstruction of the vas deferens, which is more common in sexually active men. Endocrine disorders are common in patients with pituitary tumors and thyroid dysfunction, and can interfere with sperm production. Injury following a vasectomy or inguinal hernia surgery may also cause obstructive azoospermia. Chromosomal abnormalities such as Y chromosome microdeletions have a familial tendency.

Some patients have idiopathic azoospermia, that is, no clear cause is found in clinical examination. This type of situation may be related to long-term exposure to environmental toxins such as heavy metals and radiation, or it may be caused by local blood circulation disorders such as varicocele. Certain systemic diseases such as diabetes and renal failure may indirectly affect spermatogenesis. Long-term use of anti-tumor drugs, immunosuppressants, or radiotherapy and chemotherapy can also temporarily inhibit spermatogenesis.

It is recommended that men with reproductive needs undergo regular reproductive health examinations and avoid adverse factors such as high temperature environments and tight pants. After azoospermia is diagnosed, microsperm retrieval, vas deferens anastomosis or assisted reproductive technology should be selected according to the cause. Maintaining a regular schedule and a balanced diet can help improve sperm quality. If necessary, zinc, selenium and other trace elements can be supplemented under the guidance of a doctor.