Why do I have a headache before menstruation?

Headaches before menstruation may be related to factors such as fluctuations in hormone levels, abnormal vasoconstriction, mental stress, iron deficiency anemia, migraines, etc. It can be relieved by adjusting work and rest, hot compress, drug intervention, etc.

1. Fluctuations in hormone levels

Decreased estrogen and progesterone levels before menstruation may affect cerebral vasomotor function, leading to vasodilation or spasm and headaches. This type of headache is often accompanied by symptoms of premenstrual syndrome such as breast tenderness and mood swings. It is recommended to avoid caffeine intake and take appropriate vitamin B6 supplements to relieve symptoms.

2. Abnormal vasoconstriction

Increased prostaglandin secretion may cause abnormal contraction of cerebral blood vessels and cause throbbing headaches. It is common 1-2 days before menstruation, and the pain is usually located in the temples or the back of the head. You can use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules and acetaminophen tablets as directed by your doctor.

3. Mental pressure

Psychological factors such as premenstrual anxiety and lack of sleep may aggravate headache symptoms. It manifests as a tight feeling in the head, which may be accompanied by nausea but no vomiting. It can be improved through relaxation training such as meditation and deep breathing. If necessary, use oryzanol tablets to regulate autonomic nerve function.

4. Iron deficiency anemia

The loss of iron due to menstrual blood loss may cause insufficient oxygen supply to the brain, resulting in persistent dull pain accompanied by fatigue and pale complexion. It is recommended to test serum ferritin, follow the doctor's advice to supplement ferrous succinate tablets or ferric protein succinate oral solution, and use vitamin C to promote absorption.

5. Migraine attacks

People with a history of migraine may have attacks triggered by hormonal changes before menstruation, manifesting as unilateral severe throbbing pain accompanied by photophobia and soundphobia. You can use specific drugs such as rizatriptan benzoate tablets and zolmitriptan nasal spray as directed by your doctor, and avoid tyramine-containing foods.

If you have headaches before menstruation, you need to maintain a regular schedule, drink no less than 1500 ml of water every day, and eat walnuts, deep-sea fish and other foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids in moderation. Avoid overexertion and emotional agitation. If the pain persists or is accompanied by changes in vision or severe vomiting, you should promptly seek medical attention from a neurology or gynecology department to check for organic diseases. Keeping a headache diary can help doctors determine the correlation between the cause and the menstrual cycle.