Summary of experiences on safety and first aid for preschool children

Safety is the priority of prevention, always higher than any superb first aid technology； There is no universal first aid standard process. All treatments must be flexibly adjusted based on the age of the child and the severity of the injury. At the same time, the boundaries of care must be balanced with the cultivation of children's risk awareness. They must not fall into the extremes of "over-protection" or "laissez-faire".

Last month, the kindergarten invited Dr. Li from the Children's Hospital Emergency Department to do practical training. I originally went with the mentality of "I have heard this knowledge 800 times." However, it was simulated when a foreign object stuck in the throat of a 3-year-old child. My first reaction was to reach out and grab the child's throat. Dr. Li stopped me on the spot - you see, even if you talk about the "Heimlich maneuver" every day, when it comes to actually practicing it, you will make many mistakes. When it comes to the application specifications of Heimlich, there are actually different voices in the industry: one group advocates that babies under 1 year old can only use back pats to pressurize the chest, and absolutely cannot use abdominal thrusts, for fear of damaging the internal organs that have not yet developed. ； The other group believes that if the foreign object is stuck deeply and patting on the back is ineffective, moderate abdominal shock can save lives. There is no absolute taboo. The core is to control the force and observe the child's reaction throughout the process. The last time I met Haohao from the junior class, he swallowed half a piece of Lego. I slapped him on the back but failed to get it out at the first time. I quickly used a very light abdominal shock. After spitting it out, I immediately sent him to the hospital to check whether there was any scratch on the esophagus. The result was good, but I still sweat when I think about it. If I didn’t control the force well at that time, or blindly clasped the throat to push the foreign object deeper, I can’t think of the consequences.

Oh, by the way, when I went to the kindergarten, I met a parent who brought his child with a large amount of red on their arms and smeared a thick layer of toothpaste. The old man at home said that toothpaste can reduce swelling and relieve pain. However, at the hospital, the doctor took a long time to wash away the toothpaste, which delayed the golden time of cooling. To be honest, the folk remedy of applying toothpaste is not completely unreasonable. In the past, when supplies were scarce, there was no ice and no convenient supply of cold water. Applying toothpaste can indeed bring a bit of coolness, but now, the correct answer is to rinse it with running cold water at room temperature for more than 15 minutes as soon as possible. Don't apply red or violet drops randomly, otherwise the doctor will not be able to see the injury clearly when you get to the hospital, which will cause trouble.

Speaking of prevention, there is quite a quarrel among parents and early childhood education circles now. One group is the "zero risk group". All table corners in the house are covered with anti-collision strips, all sockets are sealed, and anything less than 4 centimeters in diameter is put away. Even melon seeds and peanuts are not allowed to appear in the children's sight.； The other group is the "risk experience group", which believes that children have to bump into each other in order to improve their memory. They will deliberately let children touch a cup of hot water that is not hot enough to know what "hot" feels like. They will teach children how to use blunt-edged scissors, knowing that sharp objects will hurt. I tend to be in the middle. There is now a safety experience class in the kindergarten. The children will not be completely prevented from touching any "dangerous" things, but they will definitely keep an eye on them. For example, last time I took the children to play with the scissors in the art area, I showed everyone how to take and hand them in advance. If a child actually pointed the scissors at others, I stopped him as soon as possible. After two or three times, the children themselves knew that "the tip of the scissors cannot be pointed at others", which is much more effective than me repeating it every day. If you don't allow them to touch the scissors at all, one day the children will get the scissors without the adults paying attention, and they will not know how to use them, which will make them more likely to cause accidents.

Last year, a child in the middle class was running outdoors. He fell and hit his forehead, which caused some blood. The teacher in charge of the class immediately picked up the child and shook him, asking him if it hurt or fainted. I quickly stopped him and knelt down to see if he was conscious. I didn’t know whether he was vomiting or if his neck hurt when he pressed it lightly. After confirming that it was just a skin injury, he used clean gauze to apply pressure to stop the bleeding. After he was sent to the hospital, the doctor said that he was lucky not to shake him. If he really had a concussion, shaking him a few times would make it worse. You see, many times our subconscious reactions may actually be harmful.

In fact, after working for so many years, every time I learn first aid knowledge, I feel more and more unsure. It’s not that I can’t remember the steps, but that the situation of children has changed too much: after the same fall, some children can get up without any problems, while some children can break their bones after falling.； The same thing is that a small bead is stuck. Some children spit it out after coughing twice, and some children get stuck in the trachea. If I really want to give you any ultimate advice, it’s nothing more than two things: take more care at ordinary times and block all risks that can be prevented in advance. Don’t panic if something does happen. Observe first and then deal with it. If you are unsure, go directly to the hospital. Don’t try blind remedies on your own. After all, for such a big child, there is no such thing as "almost enough" when it comes to safety.