Causes of male infertility

Both men and women may be infertile due to physical reasons, and the causes of male infertility are actually well understood. Through the process of combining sperm and eggs, the causes of male infertility can be roughly inferred. The first problem with male infertility is that there is a problem with the quality of the sperm. The semen cannot be ejaculated or the quality of the semen is too poor. The second problem is that the sperm cannot or has no ability to combine with the egg.

1. Abnormal semen

If there is no sperm or too few sperm and the sperm density in the semen is lower than 0.2×109/ml, the woman’s chances of getting pregnant will be reduced, causing infertility. This type of infertility can be divided into permanent and temporary. The former is seen in those with congenital testicular development disorders or severe lesions of the testicles and seminal vesicles. ； The latter is more common when excessive sexual activity leads to a temporary failure of spermatogenic function. It is usually a decrease in sperm rather than a total absence of sperm. Poor sperm quality. Too many inactive or dead sperm (more than 20%) in the semen, or poor sperm motility or more than 30% abnormal sperm can often cause infertility. Abnormal physical and chemical properties of semen. Normal semen quickly solidifies into jelly after ejaculation, and then completely liquefies within the next 15 to 30 minutes. If semen does not coagulate after ejaculation, or does not liquefy completely, it often indicates that there is a disease in the seminal vesicles or prostate. Infection of the reproductive tract by bacteria and viruses can also cause changes in semen composition and cause infertility.

2. Spermatogenesis disorder

Testicular disease itself, testicular tumors, testicular tuberculosis, testicular syphilis, non-specific inflammation of the testicles, testicular atrophy after trauma or spermatic cord torsion, testicular absence, etc., can all cause spermatogenic dysfunction and infertility. Chromosomal Abnormalities Sex chromosomal abnormalities can cause poor differentiation of sexual organs such as testicles, resulting in true hermaphroditism and congenital testicular hypoplasia. Autosomal abnormalities can lead to gonadal and spermatogenic cell metabolic disorders. Spermatogenesis dysfunction: Long-term consumption of cottonseed oil can affect spermatogenesis, sperm autoimmunity, and can also cause spermatogenesis dysfunction. Local lesions such as latent varicocele, giant hydrocele and other diseases affect the local external environment of the testis, or cause infertility due to temperature, compression and other reasons.

3. Sperm and egg binding disorder

Seminal tract obstruction, congenital atresia of the vas deferens and other malformations, surgical ligation of the vas deferens, chronic inflammation of the seminal tract and its surrounding tissues, etc. Retrograde ejaculation: the bladder neck has been operated or injured or scar contracture after surgery has deformed the urethra; bilateral lumbar sympathectomy or abdominoperineal surgery for rectal cancer; pudendal nerve damage caused by diabetes; spermatic cyst hypertrophy; and severe urethral stricture. Certain drugs can cause changes in the function of the sympathetic nerves that control the bladder. External genital abnormalities such as congenital absence of the penis, small penis, male pseudohermaphroditism, epispadias or hypospadias, acquired inflammation or injury of the penis, scrotal edema, huge testicular hydrocele, etc. For example, impotence is one of the causes of male infertility because sperm cannot normally penetrate into the vagina to meet the egg. Male sexual dysfunction, impotence, premature ejaculation, inability to ejaculate, etc.