Child safety and first aid training content record

Children's safety protection has a much higher priority than emergency first aid. Airway obstruction, burns and febrile convulsions account for 72% of accidental injuries to children in pediatric emergencies. There is no absolute unified standard for corresponding first aid operations. This training not only covers the key points of prevention and control of high-incidence risks at home and outdoors, but also provides scene-based judgment standards for the controversial issue of "send to the hospital first after injury or first aid first."

The training was held last Saturday at the community activity center in the neighborhood. Half of the 32 people who came were grandparents raising children, and the rest were young parents and teachers from three nearby day care classes. The lecturer, Sister Li, had worked in the pediatric emergency department of the District Central Hospital for 12 years. The 2018-year-old nurse did not show PPT at first, but first cited a case she received last month: a 5-year-old boy had his airway stuck after eating peanuts. His grandmother panicked and slapped him on the back, causing the peanuts to get stuck deeper. When he was brought here, his lips were purple, and it took a lot of effort to save him.

She took out two simulators of different ages, and first demonstrated how to operate the baby under 1 year old: lying on the adult's arm, supporting the head, patting the back 5 times and pressing the chest 5 times. Taking turns, those over 1 year old stood behind, clenched their fists, punched the upper abdomen and pushed upwards. A grandpa at the bottom raised his hand and said that I had seen Douyin saying that if the baby got stuck, he had to hold his legs up and shake. Is this useful? Sister Li did not directly deny it. She said that there were indeed cases of being rescued by lifting the baby upside down, but that was an extreme situation where the stuck object was extremely loose and the baby was small. There was a high probability that the baby would be dropped and the foreign object could get stuck deeper. This method is no longer recommended in the guidelines of evidence-based medicine. It is safer for everyone to learn standard operations first. During the actual operation, someone used an orange as a simulated foreign object. When he hit it, he crushed the orange too hard and splashed all over the people next to him. Sister Li smiled and patted his arm: "You are so strong that your ribs will be broken. Just be gentle and have impact."

After talking about foreign bodies in the airway, a grandma rolled up her sleeves and showed it to everyone. She said that when she prepared milk powder for her grandson a while ago, she got a scar on her arm from the splash of water. She applied toothpaste at that time, and the mark is still there. Sister Li followed along and talked about the treatment of burns and scalds. She said that many people like to apply toothpaste, soy sauce, and badger seed oil. Some people use these folk methods and they are effective, but the prerequisite is that there is only slight redness and no broken skin. If the skin is really blistered or broken, applying these things will increase the risk of infection. During debridement, you have to scrape off these sticky things, which can make the baby shake all over in pain. The standard operation is to rinse, take off, cover and send. Rinse with room temperature water for 15 to 20 minutes. Do not use ice water, which can easily cause frostbite. Then carefully cut off the clothes stuck to the wound, cover it with clean gauze, and send it to the hospital immediately. There are also different opinions here. Some traditional first aid training at the grassroots level will also mention that special burn ointment can be applied to minor burns and scalds. This is no problem, as long as it is not a messy foreign body.

The most controversial thing is the treatment of febrile convulsions. Sister Li said that among the cases she received in the first half of the year, one-third of the parents had stuffed spoons and towels into their babies, and some had their babies' teeth chipped, and some even pinched their babies until their skin broke. The current mainstream evidence-based view is that there is no need to stuff the baby, lie it on its side, clean the secretions from the mouth and nose, don’t shake it, and just send it to the hospital as soon as the convulsions stop. However, many elders still insist that pinching someone can help the baby wake up faster. The academic circles are still discussing it, and there is no completely unified conclusion. Sister Li’s advice is that it doesn’t matter whether you pinch or not, but don’t stuff things or break the mouth. This is the bottom line and cannot be touched.

After talking about first aid, she said that prevention is the key point. Sister Li looked through a bunch of cases. For example, the corners of tables at home should be covered with anti-collision strips, and power sockets should be covered with protective covers. Children under 3 years old must not eat foods that are easy to get stuck, such as jelly, whole peanuts, and grapes. Small parts that can be detached from toys should be put away. When it comes to outdoor activities, summer is coming soon. Preventing drowning is a top priority. Don’t let your baby out of sight for half a minute, even in a shallow pool in the community. A young mother asked if she should teach her child to open the door by herself. Some parenting bloggers say that they should be taught, and some say not. Sister Li said that there is no standard answer to this. Don't teach children under 3 years old because they can't remember who the good guys and bad guys are. Children over 5 years old can be taught, but it must be agreed that only parents and grandparents knock on the door before they open the door. Others do not open the door no matter what they say. Just do it according to the situation of your own child.

What impressed me the most was Grandma Zhang, whose grandson had been stuck in jelly before. She practiced Heimlich three times with a simulator, and her palms became sweaty. She said that the last time her grandson got stuck, her legs were so scared that she couldn’t even dial 120 correctly. She practiced this time and won’t panic next time she encounters it. Sister Li finally said that we teach everyone these not to become doctors, but to not make mistakes when encountering problems. If you can make it to 120, that's enough. At the end of the show, everyone received a first aid kit, which contained gauze, band-aids, and small cards with operating points printed on them. Everyone stuffed them into their bags and said they could take them out at any time.